The Bethlehem Chapel, a national cultural monument, stands on the Bethlehem Square in the Old Town in Prague. The present building is a reconstruction of the original chapel founded in 1391 by Jan of Mühlheim as a place where sermons in the Czech language could be heard. The original simple Gothic building, in which special emphasis was given to the pulpit instead of the main altar, could fit an audience of 3000.
The chapel is renowned due to the fact that from 1402 Master Jan Hus spread his revolutionary thoughts here, which formed the basis of the Hussite movement. Other important Hussite priests gave sermons here and in 1521 the German reformer Tomáš Münzer preached in the chapel. In 1536 – 1539 the chapel was divided by pillars into 6 naves and given a vaulted ceiling. After the tragic Battle at the White Mountain in Prague the building was bought by the Jesuits and in 1786 knocked down, leaving only three external walls. In the 19th century a town house was built here.
In 1950-1953 the Bethlehem Chapel was rebuilt according to old engravings and drawings. During the reconstruction remnants of old inscriptions from the works of Master Jan Hus and Jakoubek of Stříbro were found. The inscriptions were restored and together with copies of old drawings showing scenes from the life of Master Jan Hus and the Hussites adorn the interior walls of the Bethlehem Chapel.